El efecto del envejecimiento saludable en la variabilidad rítmica intra-hablante: Un ejemplo de estudio con Noam Chomsky

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/loquens.2019.060

Palabras clave:

envejecimiento vocal, ritmo del habla, medidas de velocidad de elocución, variabilidad rítmica intra-hablante

Resumen


Las propiedades rítmicas de un lenguaje varían enormemente entre variedades, así como dentro de una misma variedad en función de numerosos factores lingüísticos, prosódicos y factores dependientes del hablante, entre los cuales se encuentra la edad. Estudios transversales que comparan las características acústicas de voces jóvenes y de avanzada edad han documentado asimismo el efecto de la edad del locutor sobre la variabilidad rítmica del habla. Este tipo de estudios, sin embargo, presentan una limitación fundamental al agrupar personas con diferentes experiencias vitales, estados de salud y ritmo de envejecimiento. De esta forma, discernir el efecto del envejecimiento de aquel producido por otros factores, a la hora de interpretar las diferencias rítmicas entre adultos más jóvenes y mayores, resulta considerablemente más difícil. En el presente artículo, superamos dicha dificultad al hacer un seguimiento longitudinal de la variabilidad rítmica de la voz de un único individuo. Hemos examinado 5 charlas públicas de Noam Chomsky, realizadas entre sus 40 y 89 años. La variabilidad rítmica intra-hablante fue cuantificada mediante una variedad de medidas de la velocidad de elocución (segmentales / índices consonánticos y vocálicos) y métricas rítmicas (%V, %Vn, nPVI-V, n-PVI-C). Los resultados muestran que el envejecimiento fisiológico afecta a las medidas de la velocidad de elocución, pero no a las características duracionales de los intervalos vocálicos y consonánticos. Más datos longitudinales procedentes de numerosos hablantes de la misma lengua son necesarios para identificar patrones generales respecto a la variabilidad rítmica relacionada con el envejecimiento.

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Publicado

2019-06-30

Cómo citar

Pellegrino, E. (2019). El efecto del envejecimiento saludable en la variabilidad rítmica intra-hablante: Un ejemplo de estudio con Noam Chomsky. Loquens, 6(1), e060. https://doi.org/10.3989/loquens.2019.060

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