Reconocimiento automático de locutor con hermanos españoles: hermanos gemelos (monozigóticos y dizigóticos) y no gemelos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/loquens.2015.021Palabras clave:
fonética judicial, gemelos, reconocimiento automático, españolResumen
Hemos utilizado el sistema de reconocimiento automático BatvoxTM (versión 4.1) con una población de hablantes masculinos compuesta de 24 gemelos monocigóticos, 10 gemelos dicigóticos, 8 hermanos no gemelares y 12 hablantes no emparentados (edades comprendidas entre 18 y 52 años, con español centropeninsular como lengua materna). Puesto que los parámetros cepstrales en los que se basa BatvoxTM dependen en gran medida de las bases anatómicas y fisiológicas del tracto vocal del hablante, se propuso que estos debían estar influenciados genéticamente. Esta hipótesis se pudo corroborar, puesto que los coeficientes de similitud arrojados por el sistema automático decrecen exactamente en la misma dirección en la que disminuye el grado de parentesco de las parejas de hablantes, es decir: gemelos monocigóticos, dicigóticos, hermanos no gemelares y hablantes no emparentados. Esto es, los gemelos monocigóticos obtuvieron valores más altos que los dicigóticos; estos, a su vez, mayores que los hermanos no gemelares, y, finalmente, estos últimos mayores que los hablantes no emparentados. Estos resultados sugieren que los parámetros en los que está basado este sistema de reconocimiento están condicionados en gran medida por aspectos genéticos y, por tanto, resultan útiles y robustos para la comparación de muestras de voz dubitadas e indubitadas que encontramos en un caso típicamente forense. Por otro lado, el EER (Equal Error Rate) del 9 % que se obtuvo en las comparaciones exclusivamente de gemelos monocigóticos supone un valor muy similar al hallado en estudios anteriores con gemelos monocigóticos alemanes, como Künzel (2010): EER del 11 %.
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